Selected 16 RCTs (944 patients) including subjects with and without hypogonadism evaluated for mood disorders through mixed questionnaires (126). A subgroup analysis confirmed the beneficial effect of both TRT and DHEA on depressive symptoms, while no significant changes in eugonadal subjects were found (125). To date, only few placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) aimed to describe the effect of TRT on depressive symptoms have been performed. Figure 1 summarizes the effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs on sexual response. Of note, the peripheral effect on adrenergic system, through blocking of apha1-adrenergic receptors, account for the onset of priapism, another sexual dysfunction frequently reported during treatment with these drugs, especially olanzapine and risperidone (120, 121). AAPs-induced sexual dysfunction is mainly related to the antagonism of these drugs for D2 and 5-HT2A receptors in the brain. Studies suggest that too much dopamine in certain parts of the brain can lead to hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia—common symptoms of psychosis. Testosterone is a hormone that plays a key role in brain function. However, one of the biggest concerns among patients and doctors is how TT affects mental health, especially conditions like psychosis and mania. If you or someone you know is experiencing aggression or severe mood swings while on TT, consulting a doctor can help adjust treatment and find solutions. While most people on TT do not experience aggressive behavior, some individuals may be more sensitive to hormonal changes. Some research suggests that testosterone can make people more confident, assertive, or competitive, but not necessarily violent or angry. Because of this, most people on TT do not experience the extreme anger or aggression seen in steroid abusers. The goal is to bring testosterone back to a normal, healthy range, not to overload the body with excessive amounts. Aggression is a complex behavior influenced by many factors, including genetics, brain chemistry, environment, and hormones. Testosterone is a powerful hormone that affects the body and the brain. The ovaries of women with PCOS contain multiple cysts. Having too much naturally-occurring testosterone is not a common problem among men. But having high cholesterol doesn't mean your testosterone will be high. The proper balance between testosterone (along with other androgens) and estrogen is important for the ovaries to work normally. It's one of several androgens (male sex hormones) in females. If you thought testosterone was only important in men, you'd be mistaken. There may be other important functions of this hormone that have not yet been discovered. That said, maintaining optimal vitamin D status is essential for overall health. It’s more likely to occur in people with limited sunlight exposure, older adults, those with dark skin, and people who have more body fat. More research is needed to understand how this herb affects hormonal health. Though some people may prefer products that contain a blend of nutrients and herbal ingredients, a single-nutrient supplement may be a better option for others. Throughout this article, we use the terms "men" and "male" as the sex assigned at birth as most studies we source use these terms. At Healthline, we respect and acknowledge an individual’s sex, gender, and sexual orientation. Mental side effects from testosterone therapy vary from person to person. Because of these changes, some men experience mental side effects in the first few weeks of treatment. If sleep problems persist, medical evaluation is recommended to ensure safe and effective use of testosterone therapy. These effects depend on individual hormone levels, overall health, and lifestyle factors. While many men benefit greatly from testosterone therapy, understanding potential risks and how to manage them ensures a safe and positive experience. In the present study, we used data from the repeated National Health and Nutrition Examination Studies (NHANES) to examine the cross-sectional association between testosterone and specific symptoms of depression in men and women. However, some studies have suggested that both low and high levels of testosterone might be related to elevated depression risk . They can also evaluate whether other factors or conditions could be contributing to your low testosterone levels and whether those conditions need to be addressed. Some people experience relief from anxiety, while others may temporarily feel worse. Some research suggests that testosterone has an anti-anxiety effect, while other studies show that it may increase anxiety in certain cases. Because testosterone interacts with these chemicals, it can influence anxiety levels. The reasons for these differences depend on factors like hormone balance, brain chemistry, and overall health. Testosterone therapy (TT) can affect anxiety in different ways, and its effects vary from person to person.